Medically Reviewed by Lisa Woodberry, NP

Lisa Woodberry, FNP, with McLeod Pediatric Endocrinology, discusses common thyroid problems in children and young adults and some symptoms parents should be aware of.

The thyroid is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Having a thyroid that isn’t properly functioning, whether it is too active or not active enough, is a problem that needs to be addressed. And this is especially true for babies and children since their growth is in a critical stage.

Hypothyroidism

One out of every 4,000 babies born in the U.S. has congenital hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid. This condition results when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone, which is very important in controlling overall metabolism and many bodily functions.

In babies specifically, the thyroid hormone is critical for brain development. Fortunately, newborn screenings can detect congenital hypothyroidism so the impacts can be mitigated. But children can also develop this condition later in life due to an immune disorder called Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis or as a side effect from certain medications.

Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include weight gain, slowed growth, sluggishness and deterioration in concentration, dry skin and constipation. They are also likely to have an enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goiter. It is twice as common in girls as in boys.

Hyperthyroidism

Approximately 1 in 5,000 children and adolescents are diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid. The condition results when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs. Having too much can cause metabolism and bodily functions to speed up.

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disorder called Graves’ disease.

This condition can be harder to spot in kids who are already normally active, but some common symptoms include: an enlarged thyroid gland, high blood pressure, fast or irregular heartbeat, difficulty gaining weight, nervousness and irritability. It typically runs in families with a history of thyroid disease or other autoimmune conditions.

Treatment options are available for both hypo- and hyperthyroidism, so if you notice any of these symptoms in your child be sure to call your pediatrician for an evaluation.